Peran Diagnosis Medis Sebagai Sarana Taḥqīq Al-Manāṭ Dalam Penetapan Status Haid Dan Istiḥāḍah; Antara Kepastian Diagnostik Dan Prinsip Taysīr

Abstract

The ambiguity in distinguishing between menstrual bleeding (ḥaiḍ) and abnormal uterine bleeding (istiḥāḍah) poses significant practical and ritual challenges in Islamic jurisprudence. This study examines the crucial integration of contemporary medical science and classical Islamic legal rulings regarding women's health. It aims to analyze the role of medical diagnosis as a modern tool for taḥqīq al-manāṭ (verification of the legal cause) and its relevance to the fundamental principle of taysīr (facilitation) when diagnostic certainty is unattainable. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytic library research method, this study evaluates classical fiqh, uṣūl al-fiqh, and contemporary medical literature using systematic content analysis. The findings reveal that medical diagnosis effectively verifies biological facts to determine accurate legal status. However, when medical certainty or clinical access is unavailable, legal determination safely reverts to traditional fiqh mechanisms guided by the principle of taysīr. This integrated approach successfully balances precise legal accuracy with the mitigation of hardship, aligning closely with the higher objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah).