el-Bait: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam

Prenuptial Agreements in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Comparative Study on Marital Property Protection Based on Hifz al-Mal

2026-07-19T08:48:13+00:00

Prenuptial agreements have become an increasingly important legal instrument for protecting marital property amid the growing complexity of family financial relationships and post-divorce property disputes. However, existing studies primarily examine their legal validity within a single jurisdiction, while comparative analyses of Indonesia and Malaysia from the perspective of hifz al-mal as a fundamental objective of Maqasid al-Shariʿah remain limited. This study aims to comparatively examine the legal regulation of prenuptial agreements in both countries and their role in protecting marital property based on the principle of hifz al-mal. It employs normative legal research using statutory, comparative, conceptual, and Maqasid al-Shariʿah approaches. Legal materials were collected from legislation, the Compilation of Islamic Law, the Malaysian Islamic Family Law, court decisions, and scholarly literature, and analyzed through qualitative comparative-prescriptive analysis. The findings reveal that both Indonesia and Malaysia recognize prenuptial agreements as legitimate mechanisms for protecting marital property, despite differences in their legal frameworks and implementation. The principle of hifz al-mal provides a normative foundation for strengthening legal certainty, economic justice, asset protection, and family welfare. The originality of this study lies in integrating comparative family law with Maqasid al-Shariʿah, offering a conceptual framework for the harmonization and future development of Islamic family law concerning marital property protection.

KEMAPANAN RUMAH TANGGA PASANGAN YANG MENIKAH PADA USIA MUDA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM

2026-08-17T06:54:21+00:00

This research is motivated by the existence of early-age marriages in society, which are often faced with various challenges in achieving family stability, including economic, psychological, and social aspects. Stability in marriage is not solely determined by meeting the minimum legal age requirement but also by an individual’s readiness to fulfill the rights and obligations of husband and wife. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of family stability among couples who marry at a young age from the perspectives of positive law and Islamic law in Sri Kencono Baru Village, Bumi Nabung District, Central Lampung Regency. This research employed field research with a qualitative case study approach through interviews, observations, and documentation involving young married couples, religious leaders, and village officials. The findings indicate that family stability from the perspective of positive law emphasizes compliance with the legal marriage age, physical and mental readiness, and economic capability. Meanwhile, Islamic law views family stability not only in terms of age and material capability but also moral, spiritual, and psychological readiness, as well as the ability to carry out marital responsibilities. This study concludes that young married couples require comprehensive preparedness to achieve the objectives of marriage optimally.

Dispensasi Kawin dan Kerentanan Perceraian pada Perkawinan Usia Anak

2026-08-28T23:43:05+00:00

Pasal 7 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 menaikkan batas usia perkawinan menjadi 19 tahun, namun tetap memberikan peluang dispensasi kawin yang berpotensi menimbulkan tantangan terhadap keberlangsungan kehidupan rumah tangga pasangan yang menikah pada usia muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dispensasi kawin dan keterkaitannya dengan keberlangsungan perkawinan di Pengadilan Agama Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Subjek penelitian meliputi hakim Pengadilan Agama Banyuwangi serta dokumen putusan terkait dispensasi kawin dan perceraian. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, studi dokumentasi, serta kajian peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor dominan pengajuan dispensasi kawin adalah kehamilan di luar nikah. Meskipun demikian, data perkara di Pengadilan Agama Banyuwangi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan jumlah dispensasi kawin tidak secara langsung diikuti oleh peningkatan angka perceraian secara agregat. Perkawinan yang memperoleh dispensasi kawin menunjukkan kerentanan terhadap ketidakstabilan rumah tangga akibat berbagai faktor seperti ketidaksiapan usia, kondisi ekonomi, dan aspek psikologis, meskipun tidak seluruh pasangan penerima dispensasi kawin berakhir pada perceraian. Dispensasi kawin tidak dapat dipahami sebagai faktor tunggal yang menyebabkan perceraian, tetapi menjadi salah satu fenomena yang perlu dikaji dalam kaitannya dengan keberlangsungan perkawinan pasangan usia muda. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan upaya pencegahan perkawinan anak melalui edukasi masyarakat, pendampingan keluarga, serta optimalisasi perlindungan terhadap anak dan pasangan yang memperoleh dispensasi kawin.

Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Istri Ikut Mencari Nafkah Keluarga dan Relavansinya Dengan Konsep Qiwamah

2026-08-05T02:56:00+00:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pandangan hukum Islam terhadap istri yang ikut mencari nafkah keluarga serta relavansinya dengan konsep Qiwamah dalam kehidupan keluarga Muslim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif melalui analisis terhadap sumber-sumber hukum Islam dan literatur yang berkaitan dengan peran ekonomi istri dalam keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan istri dalam mencari nafkah pada dasarnya dibolehkan dalam hukum Islam selama tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip syariat dan tidak mengabaikan kewajiban dalam kehidupan keluarga. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa konsep Qiwamah tidak semata-mata didasarkan pada pihak yang memiliki kontribusi ekonomi lebih besar, melainkan merupakan konstruksi kepemimpinan keluarga yang mencakup tanggung jawab nafkah, perlindungan, pengambilan keputusan, dan pembinaan keluarga. Dengan demikian, ketika istri turut berkontribusi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi keluarga, hal tersebut tidak secara otomatis memindahkan kedudukan Qiwamah dari suami kepada istri. Kewajiban utama pemberian nafkah tetap berada pada suami, sedangkan penghasilan istri merupakan bentuk kontribusi dan kerja sama ekonomi dalam keluarga. Relavansi konsep Qiwamah dalam kondisi tersebut terletak pada pelaksanaan tanggung jawab secara proporsional melalui musyawarah, kerja sama, dan pembagian peran sesuai kondisi keluarga. Penelitian ini memperkuat pemahaman bahwa kontribusi ekonomi istri dapat berjalan berdampingan dengan konsep Qiwamah tanpa menghilangkan tanggung jawab suami sebagai pemimpin dan penanggung jawab keluarga.

Peran Diagnosis Medis Sebagai Sarana Taḥqīq Al-Manāṭ Dalam Penetapan Status Haid Dan Istiḥāḍah; Antara Kepastian Diagnostik Dan Prinsip Taysīr

2026-07-24T01:17:08+00:00

The ambiguity in distinguishing between menstrual bleeding (ḥaiḍ) and abnormal uterine bleeding (istiḥāḍah) poses significant practical and ritual challenges in Islamic jurisprudence. This study examines the crucial integration of contemporary medical science and classical Islamic legal rulings regarding women's health. It aims to analyze the role of medical diagnosis as a modern tool for taḥqīq al-manāṭ (verification of the legal cause) and its relevance to the fundamental principle of taysīr (facilitation) when diagnostic certainty is unattainable. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytic library research method, this study evaluates classical fiqh, uṣūl al-fiqh, and contemporary medical literature using systematic content analysis. The findings reveal that medical diagnosis effectively verifies biological facts to determine accurate legal status. However, when medical certainty or clinical access is unavailable, legal determination safely reverts to traditional fiqh mechanisms guided by the principle of taysīr. This integrated approach successfully balances precise legal accuracy with the mitigation of hardship, aligning closely with the higher objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah).

Kewenangan Agama dalam Pembatalan Penetapan Ahli Waris (Analisis Putusan Nomor 1791/Pdt.G/2024/PA Kisaran)

2026-07-14T05:24:33+00:00

Penetapan ahli waris yang diterbitkan oleh Pengadilan Agama terkadang terbukti tidak lengkap ketika masih terdapat ahli waris yang sah tetapi tidak dicantumkan dalam penetapan tersebut. Kondisi ini menimbulkan persoalan mengenai kewenangan Pengadilan Agama untuk membatalkan penetapan ahli waris serta kepastian hukum dalam penyelesaian kewarisan Islam, menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang wewenang pengadilan untuk mencabut penetapan tersebut dan tentang kepastian hukum dalam penyelesaian warisan Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kewenangan Pengadilan Agama untuk mencabut penetapan ahli waris berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 1791/Pdt.G/2024/PA. Kis dan untuk memeriksa pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam memutuskan perkara, dengan tujuan yang lebih luas untuk mengklarifikasi bagaimana kewenangan tersebut memperkuat kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan manfaat hukum dalam menyelesaikan sengketa warisan Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum dan pendekatan kasus, mengacu pada materi hukum primer seperti peraturan perundang-undangan dan putusan pengadilan, dan materi hukum sekunder termasuk buku, jurnal, dan literatur lain tentang hukum warisan Islam, yang dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengadilan Agama memiliki kewenangan untuk mencabut penetapan ahli waris apabila gagal memasukkan seluruh ahli waris yang sah, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 49 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 tentang Pengadilan Agama, sebagaimana telah diubah, dan Penyusunan Hukum Islam. Dalam putusan yang dianalisis, majelis hakim mencabut Keputusan Nomor 202/Pdt.P/2022/PA. Kis karena mengecualikan ibu kandung almarhum, berdasarkan isbat nikah, bukti dokumenter, dan keterangan saksi yang membenarkan hubungan hukum antara penggugat dengan almarhum.

INTERNALISASI NILAI MAQĀṢID AL-SYARĪ‘AH DALAM MATERI BIMBINGAN PERKAWINAN KUA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PERCERAIAN

2026-08-18T02:40:01+00:00

One of the family problems that is still frequently experienced by society and can lead to divorce is the lack of mental and emotional readiness, as well as insufficient understanding of the rights and obligations within marriage. As a preventive effort, the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) organizes marriage guidance programs for prospective brides and grooms as a means of providing knowledge and skills to help them establish a harmonious family characterized by sakinah, mawaddah, and rahmah. This study aims to examine the internalization of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah values in marriage guidance materials at the KUA of East Tanjung Karang District and to analyze the role of marriage guidance in preventing divorce. This research employed a qualitative approach using a case study design and field research method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving religious counselors, KUA officers, and participants who attended the marriage guidance program. The data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. The findings indicate that the marriage guidance materials contain the values of Hifẓ al-Dīn (protection of religion), Hifẓ al-Nafs (protection of life), Hifẓ al-‘Aql (protection of intellect), Hifẓ al-Nasl (protection of lineage), and Hifẓ al-Māl (protection of wealth). These values are internalized through materials on family harmony, communication, conflict resolution, reproductive health, and family financial management. Therefore, marriage guidance serves as a preventive effort to strengthen family resilience and reduce the potential for divorce.

Mental Health and Family Resilience in Muslim Households: A Comparative Analysis of Indonesia and Malaysia

2026-07-19T08:47:38+00:00

Mental health has become a crucial determinant of family resilience amidst increasing socioeconomic pressures affecting Muslim households in Indonesia and Malaysia. However, previous studies have largely examined mental health from a psychological or public health perspective, with limited attention to its comparative role in strengthening Muslim family resilience through an Islamic psychology framework. This study aims to comparatively analyze the contribution of mental health to family resilience in Indonesia and Malaysia from an Islamic psychology perspective. This study employed a normative method using Islamic psychology and a comparative approach. Data were collected through systematic literature review of the Quran, Hadith, scientific journals, policy documents, and related literature, and analyzed using qualitative comparative content analysis to identify convergent themes and contextual differences between the two countries. The findings suggest that family resilience is shaped not only by emotional well-being but also by the integration of Islamic spiritual values, including patience, tawakkal (trust), gratitude, and self-control, which serve as adaptive coping mechanisms to socioeconomic and family stress. Further comparative analysis suggests that differences in the sociocultural contexts of implementation influence these values in strengthening family resilience. This study provides a comparative Islamic psychological framework that integrates mental health and spiritual resilience as complementary dimensions for developing sustainable Muslim family resilience in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Zakat Profesi Content Creator TikTok: Studi Komparatif Pemikiran Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi Dan Muhammad Ibn Shalih Al Utsamin

2026-08-05T02:04:39+00:00

Perkembangan ekonomi digital telah melahirkan profesi baru, salah satunya content creator TikTok yang memperoleh penghasilan dari berbagai skema monetisasi, seperti Creator Rewards, LIVE Gifts, affiliate marketing, dan brand endorsement. Fenomena ini menimbulkan persoalan fikih mengenai status kewajiban zakat atas penghasilan profesi digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan membandingkan pemikiran Yusuf al-Qaradhawi dan Muhammad ibn Shalih al-Utsaimin mengenai zakat profesi serta mengkaji relevansinya terhadap profesi content creator TikTok. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan, konseptual, komparatif, dan filosofis. Data diperoleh melalui penelusuran literatur pada basis data Scopus, Google Scholar, Dimensions, Garuda, dan Moraref, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan content analysis dan analisis komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Yusuf al-Qaradhawi memandang penghasilan profesi sebagai al-māl al-mustafād yang wajib dizakati ketika mencapai nisab tanpa mensyaratkan haul melalui pendekatan qiyās, istiṣlāḥ, dan maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. Sebaliknya, Muhammad ibn Shalih al-Utsaimin berpendapat bahwa penghasilan profesi mengikuti ketentuan zakat mal sehingga baru wajib dizakati setelah mencapai nisab dan dimiliki selama satu tahun (haul) berdasarkan pendekatan tauqīfī. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa penghasilan TikToker memiliki karakter hukum yang beragam, meliputi ujrah, ju‘ālah, dan hibah, sehingga memerlukan analisis fikih sesuai karakter masing-masing sumber pendapatan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada formulasi kerangka analisis zakat profesi digital melalui komparasi paradigma epistemologis kedua tokoh serta klasifikasi karakteristik sumber pendapatan content creator TikTok sebagai dasar penetapan kewajiban zakat pada era ekonomi digital.

Kontestasi Metodologi Fikih Tradisional dalam Menghadapi Isu Kontemporer: Studi pada Forum Mudzakarah Ma'al-Ikhwan Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo

2026-07-02T03:16:52+00:00

The increasing complexity of contemporary religious, social, economic, and technological issues has challenged the capacity of traditional Islamic legal reasoning to produce contextual yet authoritative legal responses. This condition has stimulated the development of collective ijtihād forums within Islamic boarding schools, particularly through the tradition of Bahtsul Masā'il. This research aims to examine the contestation of traditional fiqh methodology employed by the Ma'al-Ikhwan Mudzakarah Forum at Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School, Sukorejo, in responding to contemporary legal issues, while identifying its theoretical contribution to the development of Islamic legal methodology. This study employed a qualitative case study approach using observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data were analyzed through the interactive model of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. The findings reveal that the forum integrates qaulī and manhajī approaches with uṣūl al-fiqh, qawā'id fiqhiyyah, and maqāṣid al-sharī'ah within a collective deliberative process. Rather than representing methodological conflict, the contestation functions as an epistemological mechanism that strengthens legal reasoning and contextual decision-making. This study proposes the Integrative Traditional Fiqh Methodology Model, demonstrating that traditional pesantren-based legal reasoning remains adaptive, academically rigorous, and relevant for addressing contemporary societal challenges without abandoning its classical scholarly foundations.

Tinjauan Hukum Keluarga Islam Terhadap Penundaan Perkawinan Akibat Trauma Psikologis

2026-08-06T01:34:27+00:00

Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan penundaan perkawinan akibat trauma psikologis, solusinya, serta relevansinya dalam perspektif Hukum Keluarga Islam pada masyarakat Kecamatan Jati Agung, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap informan yang dipilih secara purposive, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan penundaan perkawinan akibat trauma psikologis meliputi perlakuan menyakitkan dari mantan suami atau pasangan, kekerasan yang dilakukan ayah, pembatalan pertunangan, proses ta’aruf yang berakhir tidak baik, serta pengalaman menyaksikan rumah tangga orang tua yang tidak harmonis. Trauma tersebut menimbulkan rasa takut, kecemasan, dan ketidakpercayaan terhadap hubungan pernikahan sehingga individu memilih menunda perkawinan. Solusi yang dilakukan meliputi konseling atau terapi psikologis, dukungan keluarga dan lingkungan sosial, pendekatan keagamaan, serta pemulihan diri secara bertahap. Dalam perspektif Hukum Keluarga Islam, penundaan perkawinan akibat trauma psikologis dipahami sebagai upaya mempersiapkan kesiapan mental, menghindari kemudaratan, dan mewujudkan kemaslahatan guna mencapai tujuan perkawinan, yaitu membentuk keluarga sakinah, mawaddah, dan rahmah. Penelitian ini menawarkan perspektif integratif antara psikologi keluarga dan Hukum Keluarga Islam dengan menempatkan trauma psikologis sebagai indikator kesiapan menikah yang berimplikasi terhadap pencapaian tujuan perkawinan.

Tinjauan Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif Terhadap Pengalihan Tanggung Jawab Ḥaḑanah (Studi di Panti Asuhan An-Nawawi Sukabumi, Bandar Lampung)

2026-07-20T02:25:01+00:00

The transfer of responsibilities for childcare from biological families to orphanages is a growing phenomenon due to poverty, divorce, child neglect, and parental inability to carry out their caregiving functions. The problem in this research lies in the discrepancy between the practice of transferring responsibilities for childcare and the provisions of Islamic law and Indonesian positive law, particularly regarding the legality of care and the protection of children's rights. This study aims to analyze the transfer of responsibilities for childcare at the An-Nawawi Orphanage in Sukabumi, Bandar Lampung, from the perspectives of Islamic law and Indonesian positive law. This study used a field research method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation with orphanage administrators, while secondary data were obtained from literature, journals, and relevant laws and regulations. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive-comparative approach, comparing the implementation of responsibilities for childcare in Islamic law and Indonesian positive law. The results of this study indicate that the transfer of responsibility for the care of the children at the An-Nawawi Orphanage is carried out amicably without formal legal mechanisms, yet still meets basic administrative requirements, such as family card, ID card, and others. From an Islamic legal perspective, this practice is permissible as long as it is oriented towards the welfare of the child. However, according to Indonesian positive law, this practice does not fully meet the formal legal requirements as stated in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection. Nevertheless, the orphanage has endeavored to fulfill children's rights through education, care, and moral development. This study concludes that the care practices at the orphanage substantively reflect the principles of child protection, although strengthening legality and state oversight is still needed.