Kontestasi Metodologi Fikih Tradisional dalam Menghadapi Isu Kontemporer: Studi pada Forum Mudzakarah Ma'al-Ikhwan Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo

Abstract

The increasing complexity of contemporary religious, social, economic, and technological issues has challenged the capacity of traditional Islamic legal reasoning to produce contextual yet authoritative legal responses. This condition has stimulated the development of collective ijtihād forums within Islamic boarding schools, particularly through the tradition of Bahtsul Masā'il. This research aims to examine the contestation of traditional fiqh methodology employed by the Ma'al-Ikhwan Mudzakarah Forum at Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School, Sukorejo, in responding to contemporary legal issues, while identifying its theoretical contribution to the development of Islamic legal methodology. This study employed a qualitative case study approach using observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data were analyzed through the interactive model of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. The findings reveal that the forum integrates qaulī and manhajī approaches with uṣūl al-fiqh, qawā'id fiqhiyyah, and maqāṣid al-sharī'ah within a collective deliberative process. Rather than representing methodological conflict, the contestation functions as an epistemological mechanism that strengthens legal reasoning and contextual decision-making. This study proposes the Integrative Traditional Fiqh Methodology Model, demonstrating that traditional pesantren-based legal reasoning remains adaptive, academically rigorous, and relevant for addressing contemporary societal challenges without abandoning its classical scholarly foundations.